Who’s Muhammad Aurangzeb, the person tasked with fixing Pakistan’s financial system? | Enterprise and Financial system Information

Islamabad, Pakistan — When Pakistan’s 19-member new cupboard took oath on March 11, one man stood out within the lineup: Muhammad Aurangzeb, a political outsider tasked with the problem of steering the nation out of its financial woes.

Aurangzeb, a veteran banker who beforehand headed one in all Pakistan’s largest business banks, Habib Financial institution Restricted (HBL), has been given the reins of a $350bn financial system over a number of different contenders, together with the four-time finance minister Ishaq Dar.

A graduate of the Wharton Faculty of Enterprise on the College of Pennsylvania, Aurangzeb additionally labored in main worldwide banks, akin to Citibank and JP Morgan, earlier than his six-year stint on the HBL.

A twin nationwide, Aurangzeb needed to relinquish his Dutch nationality to carry a public workplace in Pakistan. Whereas he isn’t a member of the parliament as but, based on the nation’s guidelines, he has six months to change into a parliamentarian with a purpose to proceed as a federal minister.

Mr. Muhammad Aurangzeb formally took over the duty as Finance Minister of Pakistan after taking oath on the Presidency, as we speak. pic.twitter.com/RSBhulbLwl

— Ministry of Finance, Authorities of Pakistan (@Financegovpk) March 11, 2024

Aurangzeb isn’t the primary banker to change into Pakistan’s finance minister. Earlier than him, Shaukat Aziz held the place for eight years (1999-2007) below Normal Pervez Musharraf’s tenure, earlier than changing into a primary minister.

Later, below the federal government of former prime minister Imran Khan and his Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI), banker Shaukat Tarin was given the portfolio which he held for one 12 months (2021-2022) earlier than the PTI authorities was eliminated by a parliamentary vote of no-confidence in April 2022.

Aurangzeb’s appointment comes at a vital time when the nation faces extreme financial challenges, as he works with Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif and the Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz (PMLN) authorities. Sharif and his PMLN got here to energy after forming a coalition authorities following the latest February 8 elections, which had been marred by allegations of widespread rigging.

Certainly one of Aurangzeb’s first duties, say analysts, will probably be to urgently negotiate a brand new Worldwide Financial Fund (IMF) mortgage programme after the expiry of the prevailing $3bn, nine-month-long settlement in April.

A brand new mortgage programme with the worldwide lender is important for the nation which is presently burdened by greater than $130bn – at the very least a 3rd of its gross home product – in exterior money owed. Pakistan was scheduled to repay $24bn by June this 12 months however managed to safe some aid from bilateral collectors by rollovers. The nation now has to pay almost $5bn earlier than the tip of the fiscal 12 months in June.

In the meantime, Pakistan’s present international forex shares stand at a paltry $7.8bn, sufficient to cowl nearly eight weeks of imports.

Its forex has devalued by greater than 50 p.c within the final two years, whereas inflation, presently at greater than 23 p.c, shot as much as almost 40 p.c in 2023, with a speedy enhance in vitality tariffs in addition to the value of primary meals commodities.

Many observers imagine that Aurangzeb’s expertise with international banks and publicity to worldwide monetary markets is vital, contemplating Pakistan’s debt challenges.

Sajid Amin Javed, a senior economist related to the Sustainable Improvement Coverage Institute in Islamabad (SDPI) stated Aurangzeb’s appointment is a sign from the federal government that it’s dedicated to introducing financial reforms – regardless that they is likely to be politically unpopular.

“Partially, this will likely even be a step to dilute the notion that the PDM authorities couldn’t ship prior to now,” he instructed Al Jazeera, referring to a coalition that Sharif led briefly after the removing of Imran Khan’s authorities, and whose transient tenure coincided with skyrocketing inflation and mounting financial struggles for Pakistanis.

However Aurangzeb will want greater than his background to achieve his job, advised Karachi-based economist Khurram Schehzad.

“The important thing level isn’t essentially who the finance minister is, however relatively, what would the individual do, what their imaginative and prescient is, and what long-term considering they’re bringing to the desk,” Schehzad instructed Al Jazeera.

Islamabad-based Javed of the SDPI says these are difficult instances for any finance minister however Aurangzeb’s lack of political baggage may work in his favour.

“We may even see a extra reforms-focused engagement with [the] IMF as an alternative of political balancing,” Javed stated, referring to pressures from voter lobbies towards reforms that conventional politicians usually grapple with. Most significantly, he brings contemporary considering on financial coverage conduct. Given his international expertise, he might go a bit deeper on overhauling of financial coverage and nation may even see a renewed give attention to financial progress.”

Karachi-based economist Ammar Habib Khan, whereas acknowledging Aurangzeb’s expertise in finance, instructed Al Jazeera {that a} macroeconomist might need been higher suited to the job than a banker.

“Often, these on the helm [of the government] are unable to grasp the lengthy lead time related to reforms, and the macroeconomic stability that must be attained,” he stated. “They go for a quick-fix answer, principally bringing in individuals that may present band-aids relatively than drive long-tailed reforms.”